In the event of a catastrophic Cascadia Subduction Zone megathrust earthquake and subsequent tsunami in Washington state, inundation distances would vary widely based on local coastal topography, river valleys, and elevation. In flat low-lying coastal areas, bays, and river estuaries (such as the Copalis River or Grays Harbor basins), tsunami waves and surging floodwaters can penetrate several miles inland, threatening low-elevation coastal communities and prompting the installation of vertical evacuation towers and designated tsunami hazard evacuation routes.
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