What was Albuquerque originally called?

Written by Editorial Team | Last Updated: August 2026

Before becoming known as Albuquerque, the area that is now New Mexico's largest city was initially established and named La Villa de Alburquerque by the Spanish colonial governor of Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico, Francisco Cuervo y Valdes, in 1706. The settlement was founded as a farming community along the banks of the Rio Grande and was named in honor of Francisco Fernandez de la Cueva, the 10th Duke of Alburquerque and Viceroy of New Spain. Over the course of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the spelling of the city's name gradually lost its first internal 'r' due to local pronunciation shifts, transforming from Alburquerque into the modern spelling of Albuquerque. Before formal Spanish colonization, the region along the river was temporarily referred to by various descriptive Spanish names such as Bosque Grande de San Francisco Xavier, while indigenous Puebloan peoples had inhabited the surrounding fertile river valley for thousands of years prior to European contact.

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