The global oil and gas industry generates immense cumulative annual revenues scaling into several trillion US dollars, making it one of the most lucrative and financially powerful economic sectors in the world. Total annual revenue fluctuates significantly based on volatile global crude oil benchmarks, geopolitical conflicts, shifting macroeconomic supply-and-demand dynamics, and national energy transition policies. Massive multinational energy corporations—often referred to as supermajors—alongside state-owned national oil enterprises contribute the vast majority of this financial turnover through the exploration, extraction, refinement, and commercial distribution of petroleum products and natural gas worldwide.