In biological, physiological, and psychological contexts, the direct opposite of arousal is calm, relaxation, sedation, tranquility, quiescence, or somnolence. While physiological arousal involves heightened sympathetic nervous system activity (such as increased heart rate, blood pressure, alertness, and muscle tension), the opposite state is governed by the parasympathetic nervous system, which promotes rest, digestion, emotional relaxation, lowered heart rate, and peaceful sleep. In psychological terms, it represents a return to baseline emotional and cognitive stillness.
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