The Net Asset Value (NAV) of an Exchange-Traded Fund (ETF) represents the per-share value of the fund's underlying assets minus its liabilities. Calculated at the end of every trading day, NAV is determined by dividing the total value of all securities, cash holdings, and accrued dividends held by the fund by the total number of outstanding ETF shares. While ETF shares trade continuously on public exchanges at market prices dictated by supply and demand, the NAV serves as the fundamental benchmark of the portfolio's actual intrinsic worth per share.