The single most common indoor air pollutant category consists of fine particulate matter, commonly referred to as PM2.5 and PM10, which encompasses microscopic dust particles, smoke soot, pet dander, pollen, and biological fragments suspended in the air. These tiny particles originate from everyday indoor activities such as cooking, cleaning, walking on carpets, burning candles, and operating unvented heating appliances, as well as entering from outdoor pollution sources. Because of their microscopic size, these particles easily bypass the body's natural nasal filters and penetrate deep into human lung tissue and the bloodstream, making them a major driver of chronic respiratory irritation, allergic reactions, and long-term cardiovascular health complications across exposed indoor occupants.
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