What happens if you paint over oil-based paint with water-based paint?
Painting a water-based latex or acrylic paint directly over an existing surface finished with oil-based paint without proper preparation results in severe adhesion failure. Because oil-based and water-based paints possess fundamentally incompatible chemical compositions and drying properties, the new water-based topcoat cannot grip the slick, glossy surface of the old oil paint. Instead of forming a durable bond, the fresh paint will bead up, slide around during application, or dry and subsequently crack, bubble, peel, and flake off at the slightest touch or temperature shift. To prevent this chemical incompatibility, proper surface preparation is mandatory: you must thoroughly clean, lightly sand the glossy oil surface to create mechanical tooth, and apply a high-quality bonding primer or oil-based primer to bridge the two disparate coatings before applying your water-based finish paint.
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