Over the course of its extensive historical expansion and financial industry consolidations, JPMorgan Chase and its predecessor institutions have acquired several prominent banking giants. Most notably, through government-assisted transactions during the 2008 financial crisis, JPMorgan Chase acquired investment banking heavyweight Bear Stearns and commercial banking operations of Washington Mutual (WaMu). Earlier major historical predecessors also absorbed institutions such as Bank One, Manufacturers Hanover Trust, Chemical Bank, and The Chase Manhattan Bank itself.