Saudi Arabia houses several master-planned industrial cities developed by the Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu and the Saudi Authority for Industrial Cities and Technology Zones (MODON). Key industrial powerhouses include Jubail Industrial City on the Arabian Gulf, Yanbu Industrial City on the Red Sea coast, Ras Al-Khair for mining and maritime industries, and major manufacturing clusters surrounding Riyadh, Jeddah, Dammam, and Rabigh, driving the nation's downstream economic diversification.