X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry presents certain analytical limitations, including difficulty in accurately quantifying very light elements on the periodic table due to low-energy X-ray absorption, susceptibility to surface preparation inconsistencies, and matrix effects where surrounding sample compositions distort signal readings. Additionally, handheld or portable XRF instruments often provide qualitative or semi-quantitative results rather than high-precision bulk chemistry, and they cannot analyze internal core structures unless cross-sections are exposed.