What are black Cherokee Indians called?

Written by Editorial Team | Last Updated: August 2026

Individuals of African descent who were enslaved by members of the Cherokee Nation prior to the Civil War, along with their biological and legal descendants, are historically and legally referred to as Cherokee Freedmen. Following the Emancipation Proclamation and the 1866 Reconstruction Treaty between the United States and the Cherokee Nation, these individuals were granted tribal citizenship rights. While modern legal battles have frequently centered around their formal tribal enrollment rights and heritage recognition, they represent a vital component of the broader intersectional history of Black Native Americans in Oklahoma.

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