Fog forms through several distinct physical processes that cool moist air down to its dew point, causing water vapor to condense into tiny suspended droplets near the Earth's surface. The primary mechanisms include radiation cooling on clear, calm nights when heat escapes rapidly into the atmosphere; advection, where warm, moist air moves horizontally over a cooler land or water surface; upslope movement, where wind forces air up mountain slopes; and evaporation or steam formation, where cold air passes over warmer water. Each mechanism produces different fog types.
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