Molecular diagnostic tests—such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS)—are recognized for exceptionally high analytical sensitivity and specificity, frequently exceeding 95% to 99% accuracy in detecting targeted genetic sequences or microbial pathogens. Their precision stems from directly identifying microscopic DNA or RNA structures rather than secondary antibodies, though clinical interpretation still depends heavily on proper sample collection, handling procedures, and laboratory quality control protocols.