Retail investors located in the United States cannot directly purchase shares of Saudi Aramco on domestic U.S. stock exchanges like the NYSE or NASDAQ, as the company is exclusively listed on the Saudi Tadawul exchange. However, American investors seeking indirect exposure to the broader regional equity market can utilize exchange-traded funds, such as broad Middle Eastern or Saudi-focused ETFs, which hold weighted baskets of regional equities, or utilize authorized international brokerages that permit foreign market access.