When only one plug receptacle on a duplex wall outlet works while the other half remains dead, the malfunction is typically caused by a broken internal contact tab or a split-circuit configuration. In many kitchens and dining areas, duplex outlets are wired as split-circuits where the small brass break-off tab connecting the top and bottom hot terminals has been removed so each half can be controlled by separate circuits or wall switches. Alternatively, an internal spring contact inside one half can break. You can troubleshoot split circuits safely by isolating power at the circuit breaker. You can verify that your corrective action is successful when removing the wall plate, inspecting the brass tab and terminal connections, and replacing a damaged receptacle restores full 120-volt power delivery to both top and bottom plug slots.
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