When the surface burners on a kitchen range operate normally while the main enclosed oven cavity fails to heat up or turn on, it indicates that the electrical or gas supply to the appliance is completely fine, but a component dedicated exclusively to the oven circuit has failed. Because modern ranges utilize internal wiring harnesses where surface burners and the oven rely on separate controls, a broken bake heating element, a failed oven igniter, a blown thermal overload fuse, or a dead control board relay will disable the oven while leaving surface burners operational. You can troubleshoot heating components safely using a digital multimeter. You can verify that your corrective action is successful when testing continuity, resetting control locks, or replacing the broken bake element or thermal fuse restores reliable heating to the oven.
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