Why are carpenter wages so low?

Carpenter wages can seem low in some regions and for entry-level workers due to several economic and structural factors, though experienced carpenters in high-cost areas can earn good wages. One major reason is low barriers to entry and high supply, many people can start as helpers or laborers without formal apprenticeship or licensing, increasing competition and keeping starting wages at $18 to $22 per hour, especially in residential construction where many small contractors compete. Non-union residential framing, which employs many carpenters, often pays less than union commercial work because contractors underbid to win jobs, and in some markets presence of undocumented labor further depresses wages. Carpentry is also seasonal in many northern states, with winter layoffs reducing annual income despite decent hourly rates. Compared to electrical and plumbing trades that require extensive licensing, code exams, and carry higher liability for safety, carpentry is sometimes perceived as less technical, leading to lower prevailing wage rates, though finish carpentry and custom cabinetmaking are highly skilled and command higher pay. Lack of strong union representation in many southern states reduces bargaining power for higher wages and benefits. Additionally, self-employed carpenters face expenses for tools, trucks, fuel, insurance, and taxes that reduce net income even if they charge $50 per hour. However, carpenters who specialize in high-end finish work, work union commercial jobs in cities like San Francisco, New York, and Chicago earning $45 to $60 per hour, or run successful remodeling businesses in affluent suburbs can earn $70,000 to $100,000 plus.