The Bible does not explicitly identify women by modern racial categories, but scholars suggest several early women may have been Black African, with Queen of Sheba and Zipporah among first mentioned. Queen of Sheba, who visited King Solomon around 950 BC, is traditionally believed to be from region of modern Ethiopia or Yemen, often depicted as Black woman, and is one of earliest prominent African women in Bible, described in 1 Kings 10 as wealthy queen seeking wisdom. Another candidate is Zipporah, wife of Moses, who was Midianite, and Midianites lived in Arabian Peninsula and parts of Africa, sometimes described as Cushite. Also mentioned is Cushite woman Moses married in Numbers 12, Cush refers to region south of Egypt, modern Sudan and Ethiopia, indicating Black African woman. In Song of Solomon, woman says I am black but comely, celebrating dark skin. Hagar, Egyptian servant of Sarah, was African. While Bible does not label race as modern concept, first Black woman often cited is Queen of Sheba or Cushite wife of Moses, both showing presence of African women early in biblical narrative. Their stories highlight diversity in biblical world and importance of African regions in biblical history, with Ethiopia mentioned many times.
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