The global petroleum market is heavily influenced by massive state-owned national oil companies and multinational supermajors that command immense daily extraction volumes and export sales. Among individual corporate entities, Saudi Aramco stands as the undisputed global leader, selling the largest volume of crude oil and petroleum products in the world due to its access to massive, low-cost domestic oil reserves. Other colossal state-backed producers and multinational private giants—such as China National Petroleum Corporation, ExxonMobil, Shell, and TotalEnergies—also market staggering quantities of petroleum commodities internationally.