References to "Saudi bank" generally point either to the central monetary authority (the Saudi Central Bank) or to major commercial entities like the Saudi National Bank (SNB) and Banque Saudi Fransi. Major commercial banks in the Kingdom are predominantly structured as publicly traded joint-stock corporations listed on the Tadawul, with significant equity held by government-backed investment funds like the Public Investment Fund (PIF), institutional asset managers, and public retail shareholders rather than private individual owners.