Before the emergence and consolidation of the ancient Israelites in the region, the land of Israel and the broader Canaanite territory were inhabited by various ancient cultures and indigenous tribal groups collectively known as Canaanites. Archaeological and historical records indicate that these populations established early city-states, agricultural settlements, and distinct linguistic and religious traditions throughout the Bronze and Iron Ages. Additionally, empires from surrounding regions, including ancient Egyptians and Philistines, exerted influence, trade presence, or temporary control over parts of the territory prior to the formation of the early Hebrew kingdoms.