In-center hemodialysis is generally more expensive on a recurring annual basis from a systemic healthcare perspective due to the intensive labor requirements, specialized facility overhead, continuous equipment maintenance, and nursing staff ratios needed to treat patients three times a week in a clinical setting. Conversely, home hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis can lower long-term facility costs, but they often require significant upfront capital investments for home water filtration equipment, specialized medical supplies, and comprehensive patient training programs. While home-based modalities reduce recurring transportation and operational facility burdens, the overall expense varies depending on patient comorbidity levels, supply delivery logistics, and required nursing intervention frequency.