The primary cause of structural subsidence is the destabilization, shrinkage, or consolidation of the ground beneath a building's foundation. This is most frequently triggered by extreme moisture fluctuations in cohesive clay soils (which shrink significantly during prolonged dry spells and droughts), leaking underground water and drainage pipes that wash away fine soil particles, extensive tree root uptake of sub-soil moisture, or the collapse of underground cavities, sinkholes, and historical mining shafts.
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