If an electrical service panel or subpanel lacks a proper grounding and bonding system, stray electrical current, power surges, or insulation failures cannot safely dissipate into the earth. This severe safety hazard causes exposed metal appliance chassis, panel enclosures, and conduit pipes to become energized at full line voltage, presenting a catastrophic risk of lethal electric shock, severe equipment damage, and unmitigated electrical fires during fault conditions.
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