Mine subsidence manifests as severe, distinct structural distress in buildings and surface land caused by the collapse or shifting of underground mining voids. Visually, it often looks like pronounced diagonal or multi-directional stepping cracks in exterior brickwork and interior plaster, frequently wider than three millimeters and expanding progressively over time. Affected properties may exhibit jammed doors and windows, severely sloping or uneven floors, separated extensions, and structural leaning where portions of the building pull apart from each other. Externally, the surrounding ground, driveways, patios, and boundary walls may display sudden depressions, sharp fissures, or significant tilting, differentiating it from ordinary localized soil shrinkage.
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