Bad shingles on a roof show several distinct visual signs of deterioration that indicate they have failed or are near failure. First, look for widespread curling, where edges turn up called cupping, or centers lift called clawing, so shingles no longer lie flat. Second, look for cracking or splitting, where the fiberglass mat is visible through cracks across the shingle surface, indicating brittleness from age and loss of asphalt oils. Third, extensive granule loss appears as bald, shiny black spots where protective granules have worn off, and you will find heavy granule accumulation in gutters and at the bottom of downspouts. Fourth, missing shingles or shingles with broken sealant bonds where tabs are flapping in the wind indicate wind damage or seal failure. Fifth, blistering or bubbling with small raised bumps that have lost granules on top. Sixth, dark streaks may be cosmetic algae, but green moss growth with lifted edges is damaging. Seventh, shingles that are sagging or buckling in wavy patterns indicate deck issues underneath. In the attic, bad shingles may correspond with daylight visible through boards, water stains, or mold. A roof with multiple of these symptoms over large areas, especially if it is 20 plus years old, is considered bad and needs replacement rather than repair.
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