What criminal convictions stop entry to Australia?

What criminal convictions stop entry to Australia under Migration Act 1958, you may be refused visa if you have substantial criminal record, defined as sentenced to 12 months or more in prison, or multiple sentences totalling 12 months or more, or convicted of serious offences like drug trafficking, sexual assault, violent crimes and people smuggling, with character test failure. Australia has strict character test under Section 501, with substantial criminal record if sentenced to death, life, 12 months or more imprisonment, or 2 or more sentences totalling 12 months or more, regardless of time served, including suspended sentences, so theft with 12 months sentence may fail character test. Serious offences that stop entry include drug trafficking, sexual offences, violent crimes, murder, child exploitation and people smuggling, with visa refusal likely. For example, US citizen with felony drug trafficking 2 years sentence likely refused visitor visa $150, while minor offence like drink driving fine $500 with no jail generally okay for visitor visa. For permanent migration, any conviction with 12 months+ sentence likely refusal. So criminal convictions that stop entry to Australia include any with 12 months or more imprisonment, multiple sentences totalling 12 months+, and serious offences like drug trafficking, sexual and violent crimes under character test, with minor fines and short sentences under 12 months generally okay for visitor visa but assessed case by case, with disclosure required and police check $50.