What can destroy a capacitor?

Several aggressive factors can completely destroy a residential HVAC capacitor prematurely. Extreme ambient operating heat is a primary destroyer, especially when capacitors are housed in poorly ventilated outdoor condensing units or hot attics under direct sunlight, which causes internal dielectric fluids to boil and expand. Severe electrical power surges, lightning strikes, and grid voltage spikes can instantly puncture the internal aluminum foil and dielectric film layers. Furthermore, continuous brownouts force motors to draw excessive current, creating intense thermal and electrical stress. Internal short-circuiting, manufacturing defects, and age-related wear also contribute heavily to breakdown. You can inspect your system annually and protect it with a surge protector. You can verify protection when electrical components remain stable during storms.