Supply chain and commercial distribution operations are traditionally categorized into three foundational pillars: inbound logistics, outbound logistics, and reverse logistics. Inbound logistics manages the transportation, storage, and receiving of raw materials and components from suppliers to manufacturing facilities. Outbound logistics focuses on storing and moving finished products—such as newly assembled automobiles—from factories to distribution centers, regional hubs, and end-user retail dealerships. Reverse logistics handles the return flow of products, including defective parts, recycling, or warranty claims.