Petrochemical manufacturing relies heavily on hydrocarbon feedstocks derived primarily from crude oil refining and natural gas processing. The foundational raw materials include naphtha, natural gas liquids (ethane, propane, and butane), gas oil, and refinery gases. Through high-temperature steam cracking and catalytic processes, these basic raw materials are converted into essential petrochemical building blocks like ethylene, propylene, butadiene, benzene, toluene, and xylene.