Despite arid desert climatic conditions, Saudi Arabia cultivates a diverse range of agricultural crops made possible through advanced modern irrigation technologies, greenhouses, and localized oasis farming. Primary domestic crops include dates (for which the country is a global powerhouse), wheat, barley, sorghum, various vegetables (such as tomatoes, cucumbers, and potatoes), fodder crops like alfalfa, and a growing abundance of citrus fruits, melons, and olives cultivated in regional agricultural belts.