Document and image scanning technology is broadly categorized into four primary types based on physical design and functional application. First, flatbed scanners utilize a stationary glass pane ideal for delicate books, bound documents, and fragile photographs. Second, sheet-fed scanners pull individual paper sheets past a fixed optical sensor, making them perfect for multi-page office document archiving. Third, handheld scanners offer portable mobility for scanning items directly at retail checkout lanes or warehouse shelves. Fourth, drum scanners provide ultra-high resolution and professional color accuracy required primarily in high-end graphic arts, fine art reproduction, and professional archival publishing.