Global healthcare delivery models are traditionally categorized into four primary theoretical frameworks: the Beveridge Model, the Bismarck Model, National Health Insurance, and the Out-of-Pocket Model. The Beveridge Model relies on government financing and provision of care through public taxes. The Bismarck Model utilizes mandatory social health insurance financed jointly by employers and employees. National Health Insurance combines private-sector providers with government-run payment pools, while the Out-of-Pocket Model leaves patients to self-fund their medical expenses directly.