Equity markets are traditionally categorized into four primary investment styles based on company size, valuation, and growth potential: large-cap stocks, small-cap stocks, growth stocks, and value stocks. Large-cap stocks represent massive, established global corporations with high stability, whereas small-cap stocks comprise smaller enterprises offering higher growth potential alongside elevated volatility. Growth stocks belong to companies expected to expand at rates exceeding market averages, while value stocks are shares trading below their perceived intrinsic worth, frequently offering attractive dividend yields.