Healthcare is not free in Canada for individuals who lack valid provincial health insurance coverage. While Canadian citizens and permanent residents receive free medically necessary hospital and physician care under public provincial insurance plans, anyone lacking government enrollment—such as undocumented individuals, expired visa holders, or foreign tourists—must pay commercial rates out of pocket. Emergency rooms will treat life-threatening conditions regardless of insurance status, but the resulting hospital bills for room stays, surgeries, and physician services will be billed directly to the patient at steep commercial rates.
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