Neither the major American utility holding company Edison International nor the historic Italian utility Edison S.p.A. is directly owned by any federal or national government. Edison International is a publicly traded, investor-owned corporation listed on the New York Stock Exchange, meaning its shares are owned by institutional investors, mutual funds, and individual shareholders worldwide. Similarly, while the Italian enterprise Edison S.p.A. has major corporate stakeholders including Electricité de France, it functions as a corporate entity operating under commercial market laws rather than being a direct direct arm of state ownership. Although both companies operate heavily within highly regulated utility sectors where government commissions dictate pricing, service standards, and operational rules, the corporate entities themselves remain strictly private business organizations.