Biotechnology and genetic engineering are closely related but represent different concepts in the scientific field. Biotechnology is the broad, encompassing term that refers to any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof to make or modify products or processes for specific use. This includes ancient practices like fermentation and modern innovations like enzyme usage in laundry detergents. Genetic engineering, in contrast, is a specific, sophisticated set of techniques used to directly manipulate or alter the genome of an organism, such as inserting, deleting, or changing DNA sequences. Therefore, genetic engineering is a subset—or one of the most powerful toolkits—within the field of biotechnology. While all modern genetic engineering projects are forms of biotechnology, not all biotechnological applications involve direct genetic modification. They coexist as parts of a larger scientific endeavor to master biological systems for human benefit.