Canadian citizens and permanent residents pay zero point-of-service fees for medically necessary hospital and physician care, as public healthcare (Medicare) is financed collectively through federal and provincial income taxes. However, Canadians pay indirectly for services excluded from public coverage—such as outpatient prescription drugs, dental care, optometry, and ambulance transport—frequently relying on employer-sponsored private health benefits or individual supplementary insurance policies to cover these remaining out-of-pocket expenses.
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