Thuraya operates via a mobile satellite communication system utilizing geostationary communication satellites positioned in orbit approximately 36,000 kilometers above the equator. The handheld satellite phones and data terminals establish direct line-of-sight radio frequency links with these orbiting satellites. When a user initiates a voice call, text message, or data session, the signal travels up to the satellite, which then routes the transmission down to ground gateway earth stations. These gateway stations seamlessly interconnect the satellite signals with traditional terrestrial cellular networks and global public switched telephone networks, enabling reliable communication across remote terrestrial areas, deserts, and maritime regions.