Modern residential houses actually use both 12-gauge and 14-gauge copper wire, carefully allocated across different circuits based on the ampacity rating required by building codes. 14-gauge copper wire (rated for 15 amps) is traditionally utilized for standard lighting circuits and general-purpose wall outlets in bedrooms, living rooms, and hallways where power demands are low. In contrast, 12-gauge copper wire (rated for 20 amps) is mandatory for higher-demand circuits typically installed in kitchens, bathrooms, laundry rooms, and garage workshops where heavy-duty appliances like refrigerators, microwaves, and power tools are operated.
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