Direct investment in raw physical silicon as a commodity is generally unavailable through standard public retail exchanges, but investors can easily gain broad financial exposure to the material through the entire semiconductor and technology supply chain. This includes purchasing shares in silicon wafer manufacturers (such as Shin-Etsu Chemical or Sumco), major semiconductor fabrication foundries, integrated device makers, and specialty chemical producers that process high-purity electronic-grade silicon for computer chips and photovoltaic solar panels.